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Malabsorption
Definition
Malabsorption is difficulty in the digestion or absorption of nutrients from food substances.
Causes
Malabsorption can result from a broad spectrum of diseases. Typically, malabsorption can be the failure to absorb specific sugars, fats, proteins, or vitamins, or it can be a general malabsorption of food. Diarrhea, bloating or cramping, failure to thrive, frequent bulky stools, muscle wasting, and a distended abdomen may accompany malabsorption.
Malabsorption can affect growth and development, or it can lead to specific illnesses. Some of the causes of malabsorption include:
- Cystic fibrosis (the number one cause in the U.S.)
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Lactose intolerance
- Celiac disease (gluten-induced-enteropathy, sprue)
- Whipple disease
- Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
- Bovine lactalbumin intolerance (cow's milk protein)
- Soy milk protein intolerance
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica causing zinc malabsorption
- Biliary atresia
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Vitamin B-12 malabsorption may be due to:
- Diphyllobothrium latum infestation
- Juvenile pernicious anemia
- Parasites
Symptoms
- Specific food avoidance
- Chronic diarrhea
- Bloating and flatulence (gas)
- Growth failure
Exams and Tests
See the individual conditions.
Treatment
See the individual conditions.
Outlook (Prognosis)
See the individual conditions.
Possible Complications
Prolonged malabsorption can result in malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call to make an appointment with your health care provider if you notice symptoms of malabsorption.
Prevention
See the individual conditions.
Reviewed By: A.D.A.M. editorial. Previously reviewed by Sreeni Jonnalagadda, M.D., Interventional and Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network (1/26/2004).
