Ink removers usually contain some form of alcohol, either ethanol (drinking alcohol), methanol (wood alcohol, which is extremely toxic), or isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol, which is also very toxic).

• ethanol
• methanol
• isopropyl alcohol

• ink removers
• liquid bleaches

For ethanol:

• stupor
• unconsciousness
• decreased respirations
• brain damage

For methanol and isopropyl alcohol:

• body as a whole
  • weakness
  • leg cramps
  • convulsions
  • severe disturbance in blood pH leading to multi-organ failure
• kidneys
  • renal failure
• respiratory
  • rapid, shallow breathing
  • stopped breathing (see breathing difficulties - first aid)
• eyes, ears, nose, and throat
  • blurred vision
  • blindness
  • dilation of the pupils
• skin
  • cyanosis (blue skin, lips, or fingernails)
• gastrointestinal
  • nausea
  • vomiting
• heart and blood vessels
  • low blood pressure
• nervous system
  • coma
  • fatigue
  • headache
  • dizziness

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the product is on the skin, wash with lots of water. Seek emergency medical care immediately.

Determine the following information:

• the patient's age, weight, and condition
• the name of the product (ingredients and strengths, if known)
• the time it was swallowed
• the amount swallowed

See Poison Control centers for telephone numbers and addresses. Take the container with you to the emergency room.

Some or all of the following procedures may be performed:

• For swallowed poison

  • Immediate hemodialysis may be required for survival
  • Placement of a tube down the nose and into the stomach (a nasogastric tube, or an NG tube) to wash out the stomach
  • Activated charcoal administration
  • Endoscopy -- the placement of a camera down the throat to see the extent of burns to the esophagus and the stomach
  • Give IV fluids
  • Admission to the hospital
  • Give an antidote
  • Treat the symptoms
• For inhaled poisons
  • A breathing tube may need to be inserted
  • Oxygen
  • Admission to the hospital or to the intensive care unit
  • Bronchoscopy (inserting a camera down the throat into the airway to evaluate the extent of burns to the airway and lungs)
• For skin exposure
  • Irrigation (washing of the skin), perhaps every few hours for several days

Prognosis and recovery depend on the type of alcohol consumed and the time to treatment. Methanol and isopropyl alcohol are extremely toxic, and relatively low doses can lead to permanent organ damage or death.