Chemosis is a condition in which the membranes that line the eyelids and surface of the eye (conjunctiva) are swollen. The outer surface covering appears to have fluid in it. Often, the conjunctiva become so swollen that the eyes cannot close properly.

In general, chemosis is a nonspecific sign of eye irritation. Accumulation of fluid in the surface membranes causes them to swell. This symptom is often related to an allergic response, infection, or severe exposure.

• Angioedema
• Allergic response
• Viral infection (conjunctivitis)
• Exposure such as sleeping with eyes open

The first attempts to treat angioedema or allergies may include use of over-the-counter antihistamines. Cool cloths held over the eyes may relieve some of the discomfort associated with chemosis. If these don't work, topical antihistamines from your eye doctor often help.

Chemosis may also be associated with infections of the eye such as viral conjunctivitis (pink eye). In these cases, the eyes are also red. Cool compresses will help, but treatment for the infection may be needed as well.

• Symptoms are not relieved by home care.
• Other symptoms are also present, particularly symptoms not normally associated with allergy or angioedema. Difficulty breathing and fainting are serious symptoms that can indicate that an emergency situation is developing!
• Other symptoms such as eye pain or a change in vision develop.

The medical history will be obtained, and a physical examination performed.

Medical history questions documenting your symptom in detail may include:

• When did it start?
• How long did it last?
• Is there a pattern to the occurrences?
• How bad is it?
• How would you describe it?
• How much is the eye swollen?
• What makes it worse?
• What makes it better?
• What other symptoms occur at the same time? Particularly, is there any difficulty breathing or is the person confused or hard to awaken (emergency symptoms)?

A physical examination will include emphasis on examination of the eyes.